# Single-Pilot Resource Management (ARTSAC)
**A**eronautical Decision Making
**R**isk Management
**T**ask Management
**S**ituational Awareness
**A**utomation Management
**C**ontrolled Flight into Terrain
## Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)
Systematic approach to best course of action to a given set of events
### ADM Process (DECIDE)
**D**ecide a change occured
**E**stimate priority of reaction
**C**hoose desirable outcome
**I**dentify actions to achive outcome
**D**o the actions
**E**valuate the result
### Self Assesment
IMSAFE
### Hazardous Attitudes (MAIIR)
**M — Macho**_“I can do it.”_
**Antidote:** _Taking chances is foolish._
**A — Anti-authority**_“Don’t tell me.”_
**Antidote:** _Follow the rules—they’re usually right._
**I — Impulsivity** “Do it now!”_
**Antidote:** _Not so fast. Think first._
**I — Invulnerability** _“It won’t happen to me.”_
**Antidote:** _It could happen to me._
**R — Resignation** _“What’s the use?”_
**Antidote:** _I’m not helpless. I can make a difference._
## Risk Management
**PAVE** — _Risk Elements_
**P — Pilot** Am I physically, mentally, and emotionally fit for this flight?
**A — Aircraft** Is the airplane airworthy, capable, and properly equipped for the conditions?
**V — enVironment** Do weather, terrain, airspace, and airport conditions support a safe outcome?
**E — External Pressures** What pressures are influencing me, and are they pushing me toward a bad decision?
# **5Ps** — _Dynamic Flight Check_
**Plan** Is my original plan still valid given current conditions?
**Plane** Is the aircraft still healthy, fueled, and configured correctly?
**Pilot** Am I still sharp, rested, and ahead of the airplane?
**Passengers** Do they understand what’s happening and what to expect?
**Programming** Are avionics, autopilot, and navigation set correctly?
## Task Management
Planning and Prioritizing
### Internal Resources
- Your own knowledge and skills
- Passengers
- Aircraft Equipment
- Aeronautical Charts
- POH
- Checklists
External Resources
- ATC
- Maintenance Technicians
- Flight Service Briefers
## Situational Awareness
- At any time you should be able to assess the current and future status of the flight. In IFR, keep asking what are the next two things you need to do.
- Fatigue, stress, work or emotional overload can distract you from SA by reducing your ability to pay attention to flight instruments and aircraft ops.
- Complacency tends to lead to putting less effort in to the flight. Even if using auto-pilot, think through what you expect, what the AP is doing and cross-check.
### Briefings
- SAFETY
**S** – Safety belts
**A** – Air Vents
**F** – Fire Extinguisher
**E** – Exits and Emergency
**T** – Traffic and Talking
**Y** – Your Questions
- PAST
**P** – Power setting & performance
**A** – Abort plan
**S** – Special considerations
**T** – Turn or track after takeoff
- CRAM
**C** – Chart, Clearance, Entry & Course
R – Radios: NAV and COM
A – Altitudes and FAF
M – Time from MAP, Missed Procedure
- GUMPS
**G** – Gas
**U** – Undercarriage (check gear)
**M** – Mixture
**P** – Propeller
**S** – Seatbelts
## Automation Management
- Level 1: Control the airplane manually, use minimum equipment necessary to perform procedures
- Level 2: Use auto-pilot to help manage workload but manually control the airplane at times.
- Level 3: Control airplane primarily by autopilot allowing you to use wide variety of tools to increase SA.
## Controlled Flight Into Terrain
- Plan flight to stay clear of terrain and obstacles.
- For approaches and departures, pay special attention to terrain and factor in aircraft performance
- Use current charts and procedures
- Monitor terrain awareness and navigation displays - use SVT
- Be on top of airplane performance